Ukutshixwa/ukuThengwa kweLOTO: Ukusuka kwiConcept ukuya ekuphunyezweni

Ukutshixwa/ukuThengwa kweLOTO: Ukusuka kwiConcept ukuya ekuphunyezweni
Kwicandelo lemveliso yemizi-mveliso, ukhuseleko yeyona nto iphambili kuyo yonke inkqubo, kwayeukutshixa ngaphandle kwe-tagout (i-LOTO, ukutshixa ngaphandle/ukuthega ngaphandle)njengendlela ephambili yokulawula amandla ayingozi nokuthintela ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kwezixhobo yindlela ephambili yokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabasebenzi nokunciphisa ukwanda kweengozi zokhuseleko. Ukusuka kwingcamango engabonakaliyo yokhuseleko ukuya kwinkqubo yokusetyenziswa okusebenzayo,ILOTOayisiyonto nje kuphela iseti yemigangatho yokusebenza emiselweyo, kodwa ikwayinxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkqubo yolawulo lokhuseleko lweshishini, egubungela zonke iimeko ezinje ngokugcinwa kwezixhobo, ukulungiswa, kunye nokucoca. Ukusetyenziswa kwayo okumiselweyo kumisela ngokuthe ngqo umgca wokhuseleko wemveliso yemizi-mveliso. Eli nqaku liza kuqala kwingcamango ephambili yeLOTO, lihlalutye inkqubo yayo yokusetyenziswa, amanqaku aphambili, kunye nokungaqondani okuqhelekileyo, linike isikhokelo esibanzi nesisebenzayo kubasebenzi beli shishini.
I. Ingcamango Ephambili Yokukhiywa/Ukutsalwa kweLOTO:Asikuko nje "ukutshixa + ukubeka i-tag"
Ukuqonda kwengcali ezininzi zoshishino ngeLOTO kunqunyelwe “ekubekeni isitshixo kunye nokufaka i-tag”, kodwa eneneni, iLOTO yinkqubo ecwangcisiweyo yokulawula amandla ayingozi, kwaye eyona nto iphambili kukuthintela izixhobo ukuba ziqale ngengozi okanye amandla ukuba akhululwe ngengozi ngexesha lokusebenza ngokuzahlula ngokwasemzimbeni kunye nezilumkiso ezicacileyo, ukuthintela iingozi zokhuseleko kumthombo. Ngokwemigangatho ye-OSHA kunye neemfuno zasekhaya “zoMthetho woKhuseleko emsebenzini”, inkcazo esemthethweni yeLOTO yile: Ngaphambi kokugcinwa kwezixhobo, ukulungiswa, ukususwa kweempazamo, okanye imisebenzi yokucoca, ngokuvala, ukwahlula imithombo eyahlukeneyo yamandla ayingozi yezixhobo, ukusebenzisa iilokhi ezikhethekileyo ukutshixa izixhobo zokuzahlula, kunye nokuxhoma imiqondiso yesilumkiso esemgangathweni ukuze kucaciswe ngokucacileyo ukuba izixhobo zikwimeko “yokuqala engavumelekanga”, ukuthintela abanye ekusebenzeni ngempazamo kwaye kubangele iingozi zokhuseleko. Ukusuka kwizinto eziphambili, iLOTO ibandakanya iindawo ezimbini ezingahlukanisekiyo: “ukutshixa” kunye “nokubeka i-tag”. Ziyahambelana kwaye azinakubalwa. "Ukutshixa" lukhuselo lomzimba, ngokusebenzisa izitshixo ezikhethekileyo (ezifana neekliphu, izaphuli zesekethe, izigqubuthelo zeevalvu, njl.njl.) ukutshixa izixhobo zokwahlukanisa amandla (iiswitshi, iivalvu, izaphuli zesekethe, njl.njl.), ukwenza ukhuseleko oluqinileyo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba abasebenzi abangagunyaziswanga abanakuqalisa izixhobo; "ukubeka i-tag" sisikhumbuzo sesilumkiso, ngokuxhoma imiqondiso ethi "Umntu uyasebenza, ungaqalisi" okanye "Uphantsi kolondolozo, ungavali", echaza ngokucacileyo imeko yokusebenza, abaqhubi, kunye nobude bomsebenzi, ebonelela ngesilumkiso esibonakalayo, esihlawulela indawo engabonakaliyo yokukhusela ukutshixa.
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba umda wokusetyenziswa kweLOTO ugubungela zonke iimeko zoshishino ngamandla ayingozi, kubandakanya amandla, oomatshini, i-hydraulic, i-pneumatic, i-thermal, i-chemical, njl. Zonke iintlobo zamandla, nokuba zikwimizila yemveliso yefektri, izixhobo zeekhemikhali, okanye ukugcinwa kwezixhobo zokuzonwabisa (ezifana nokuhlolwa kwasekuseni kweLego Big Wheel), lo gama nje imisebenzi yokuvala izixhobo ibandakanyeka, iinkqubo zeLOTO kufuneka ziphunyezwe ngokungqongqo [3][7]. Injongo yayo ephambili ayisiyo "iinkqubo ezinzima", kodwa ngemisebenzi eqhelekileyo, ukwahlula amandla ayingozi kubasebenzi, nto leyo ekwayiyona nto iphambili yokuba iLOTO ibe ngumgangatho wokhuseleko lwezoshishino kwihlabathi liphela.
II. Imiqathango yokuphunyezwa kweLoto Lockout/Tagout:Icandelo leeNkcukacha eziBalulekileyo kunye noXanduva olucacileyo
Ukuphunyezwa kwe-LOTO ngendlela esemgangathweni kufuna ukuba kuqalwe kucaciswe izinto ezintathu ezibalulekileyo ukuze kuthintelwe ukuba umsebenzi ungabi yinto eqhelekileyo ngenxa yezinto ezingekhoyo okanye uxanduva olungacacanga, nto leyo enokubangela iingozi zokhuseleko.
Okokuqala, chonga ngokucacileyo uluhlu lwamandla ayingozi. Ngaphambi kokusebenza, onke amandla anokubakho kwisixhobo kufuneka ahlolwe ngokupheleleyo, kuquka amandla acacileyo (njengombane, igesi, ioyile ye-hydraulic) kunye namandla angabonakaliyo (njengamandla ombane aseleyo kwii-capacitors, amandla anokubakho entwasahlobo, igesi ecinezelweyo, njl.njl.), kwaye akufuneki kujongwe mthombo wamandla. Umzekelo, nokuba iplagi yezixhobo ezithile zombane ayifakwanga, i-capacitor isagcina amandla ombane, kwaye ukuba unyango lokukhupha aluqhutywanga, lusenokubangela iingozi zokutshayiswa kombane [1]; kwizixhobo zoomatshini, intwasahlobo ecinezelweyo, nokuba umthombo wamandla oyintloko unqunyulwe, isenokuba nokubangela ukwenzakala koomatshini ngenxa yokukhululwa kwamandla anokubakho. Ukuchongwa kwala mandla angabonakaliyo sisiseko sokusetyenziswa kwe-LOTO.
Okwesibini, xhobisa ngezixhobo kunye neempawu ezisemgangathweni. Ukusebenza kweLOTO kufuna ukusetyenziswa kwezitshixo kunye nezixhobo ezinikezelweyo. Akuvumelekanga ngokupheleleyo ukusebenzisa izixhobo ezinganikezelwanga njengeentambo zentsimbi okanye iintambo eziqhelekileyo njengezinye izinto ezithatha indawo yazo. Ezi zixhobo azinawo umsebenzi wokuzahlula onyanzelekileyo kwaye zinokwaphuka kwaye azinazo iziphumo zesilumkiso. Zithathwa njengokwaphulwa okukhulu kwemithetho. Iisitshixo kufuneka zilandele umgaqo othi "umntu omnye, isitshixo esinye, isitshixo esinye", kwaye izitshixo kufuneka zigcinwe ngokufanelekileyo ngabaqhubi ngokwabo. Akuvumelekanga ngokupheleleyo ukudlulisa okanye ukwabelana ngezitshixo. Iimpawu zesilumkiso kufuneka zicace kwaye zibambe amehlo, kwaye zibonise ngokucacileyo umxholo womsebenzi, abaqhubi, kunye nolwazi loqhagamshelwano ukuqinisekisa ukuba bonke abantu abadlulayo okanye abaqhagamshelana nezixhobo banokuqonda ngokucacileyo iingozi.
Okwesithathu, kufuneka kusekwe inkqubo ecacileyo yoxanduva. Ukusebenza kweLOTO kulandela umgaqo othi “ngubani osebenzayo, ngubani onoxanduva”. Uxanduva lweentlobo ezintathu zabasebenzi abaphambili luchazwe ngokucacileyo: abasebenzi abagunyazisiweyo (abo bafumene uqeqesho kunye negunya lokwenza imisebenzi yeLOTO) banoxanduva lokuphumeza iinkqubo zokutshixa, i-tag, kunye nokuvula kuyo yonke inkqubo; abasebenzi abachaphazelekayo (abasebenzi abakwindawo engqongileyo yendawo yokusebenza) kufuneka baqaphele imeko yokusebenza kweLOTO kwaye akufuneki bachukumise izitshixo, iimpawu, okanye izixhobo ngaphandle kwemvume; umphathi wokhuseleko unoxanduva loqeqesho, ukujonga, kunye nokuphononongwa kwenkqubo yeLOTO, kwaye uphande ngokukhawuleza naluphi na ukwaphulwa kweenkqubo zokusebenza. Ishishini kufuneka lisebenzise ngokupheleleyo uxanduva lweLOTO kuwo onke amanqanaba ukuqinisekisa ukuba ikhonkco ngalinye linomntu ozinikeleyo ophetheyo nojongayo.