Uluhlu lokuhlolwa kokuvalwa kunye nokwahlulwa: Yintoni ekufuneka ihlolwe kwiindawo zoshishino?

Uluhlu lokuhlolwa kokuvalwa kunye nokwahlulwa: Yintoni ekufuneka ihlolwe kwiindawo zoshishino?
Ngaphambi kokulungiswa kwezixhobo, ixesha eliyingozi kakhulu asiloxesha lokucima ngokwalo, kodwa lixesha ukusuka “ekucingeni ukuba umbane ucinyiwe” ukuya “ekuqinisekiseni ukuba ucinyiwe”. Iingozi ezininzi zenzeka ngeli xesha lo msantsa - umntu ucinga ukuba umbane ucinyiwe, kwaye umntu ucinga ukuba uxinzelelo oluseleyo lukhutshiwe. Ngenxa yoko, xa bethatha inyathelo, umatshini uqala ngequbuliso.
Uluhlu oluthembekileyo lokuhlola ukucima nokwahlukanisa kufuneka luqinisekise ukuba zonke ezi “nkolelo” ziguqulwa zibe “ziziqinisekiso”. Ngezantsi, ngokulandelelana kwemisebenzi, siza kushwankathela izinto ekufuneka zihlolwe ngaphambi kokuvalwa ngakunye nokugcinwa kwezakhiwo zoshishino.
I. Ukuhlolwa kokulungiselela ngaphambi kokuba kucinywe
Ngaphambi kokuba uqalise ukuvala nantoni na, kukho izinto ezininzi ekufuneka zicaciswe kuqala:
Ngaba uluhlu lwamandla lwezixhobo lugqityiwe? Isixhobo ngasinye sinoluhlu lwemithombo yamandla, olurekhoda zonke iintlobo zamandla ezibandakanyekayo kwesi sixhobo - umbane, igesi, ulwelo, ubushushu, amandla anokubakho okutsala amandla. Ukuba esi sixhobo sisandula ukuhlaziywa okanye utshintsho kwinkqubo, ngaba olu luhlu luhlaziywe ngaxeshanye? Eli linyathelo lokuqala kwaye likwalinyathelo elilula ukulibaleka. Ngexesha lokuhlaziywa, kongezwa umbhobho womoya ocinezelweyo, kodwa ifayile ayizange ihlaziywe emva koko. Xa kuhlolwa, oku akujongwanga.
Ngubani oqhuba olu lungiso? Uluhlu lwabathathi-nxaxheba kufuneka luqinisekiswe. Akukuphela nje abasebenzi bolondolozo abavela kumzi-mveliso wethu, kodwa kunye nabasebenzi abaqeshwe ngaphandle kunye nabo banikezela ngenkxaso kumasebe ahlukeneyo kufuneka bafakwe. Okukhona bebaninzi abantu, kokukhona kuya kubakho izikhewu zonxibelelwano. Kufuneka kubekho ikholamu ethile kuluhlu lokuhlola ukuze kubhalwe amagama kunye neentlobo zemisebenzi yabo bonke abathathi-nxaxheba.
Ngaba ixesha lokungasebenzi lichazwe ngokucacileyo? Ukuvalwa kuqala nini kwaye kucetywa nini ukuqalisa kwakhona? Kufuneka kuchazwe ngokucacileyo. Oku akukokukhuthaza wonke umntu ukuba akhawulezise umsebenzi, kodwa kukuqinisekisa: Ukuba umsebenzi awugqitywanga ngexesha lokuqalisa kwakhona, ngubani onoxanduva lokwazisa wonke umntu ngokulibaziseka? Iingozi ezininzi zenzeka phantsi kwemeko yokuba "itshixi ingasuswanga emva kokudlula umda wexesha" - umntu ucinga ukuba ukugcinwa kuphelile aze aqalise kwakhona umbane ngaphandle kwemvume.
II. Ukuhlolwa kokwahlulwa kwamandla – Ukuqinisekiswa kwento nganye
Le yinxalenye ephambili yoluhlu lokukhangela. Iindlela zokwahlulahlula iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamandla zahlukile, kwaye neendawo zokuhlola nazo zahlukile.
Ukwahlulwa kombane
Ngaba iswitshi yombane ephambili icinyiwe? Ukuqinisekisa ukuba isiphatho seswitshi sikwindawo ethi “CIMILE”, umntu akufuneki athembele nje kwiingxelo zabanye abantu zokuba “sitsaliwe”.
Ingaba isixhobo sitshixiwe ngesitshixo sokhuseleko lomntu? Ngaba isitshixo sesitshixo sinawe?
Ngaba kukho ii-capacitor ezisele? Emva kokuba i-large frequency converter kunye ne-servo system zicinyiwe, kusenokuba kukho umbane ogcinwe kwii-capacitors. Kuyimfuneko ukulinganisa i-voltage nge-multimeter ukuqinisekisa ukuba yehla ngaphantsi kwenqanaba elikhuselekileyo.
Ukuba sisixhobo esinombane ophezulu, ngaba inkqubo "yokuqhawula + umhlaba" yenziwe? Ngaba intonga yokumisa umhlaba ifakiwe?
Ukwahlulwa koomatshini
Ingaba izixhobo zinezinto zokugcina amandla? Izipringi, izinto ezichaseneyo, iibhloko zokulinganisela - ezi zisenokukhupha amandla nasemva kokuba izixhobo zivaliwe.
Ngaba kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa ii-mechanical baffles okanye ii-support blocks ukulungisa iindawo ezihambayo? Umzekelo, i-slider ye-hydraulic press kufuneka ilungiswe nge-mechanical support, ingaxhomekeki nje kwii-hydraulic locks.
Ngaba amandla anokubakho okutsala amandla angaphantsi komhlaba ayaphathwa? Imithwalo exhonyiweyo, amaqonga aphakanyisiweyo – kufuneka athotywe emhlabeni okanye atshixwe ngokwasemzimbeni.
Ukwahlulwa kwe-pneumatic kunye ne-hydraulic
Ingaba ivalvu ephambili yomthombo womoya/umthombo we-hydraulic ivaliwe kwaye itshixiwe?
Ngaba uxinzelelo olushiyekileyo kumbhobho lukhutshiwe? Ukuvula ivalvu yokunciphisa uxinzelelo, qinisekisa ukuba uxinzelelo luyehla luye kwi-zero. Musa ukujonga nje i-pressure gauge - i-pressure gauge isenokuba nempazamo, okanye inokubonisa uxinzelelo lwelinye icandelo lombhobho.
Ukuba kukho i-Energy reservoir (isixhobo sokugcina amandla), ngaba uxinzelelo olukwi-Energy reservoir lukhutshiwe ngokwahlukeneyo? Le yeyona ngongoma ilula ukuyihoya.
Inkqubo yokwahlulwa okuphakathi
Ngaba umbhobho wokuthutha iikhemikhali eziyingozi ubekwe ngokwahlukileyo ngokuthembekileyo? Ukubekelwa ecaleni kabini (iivalvu zokuvala + ukufaka iiplati ezingaboniyo) kuthembekile ngakumbi kunokuthembela kwiivalvu kuphela.
Ngaba kukho naziphi na iimpawu kwiindawo zokwahlulwa? Ukuthintela abanye ekuvuleni iivalvu ngempazamo.
Ukuba le nto inobungozi okanye iguquguqukayo, ngaba isusiwe okanye yatshintshwa emva kokuyisusa?
III. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Lockout tagout (LOTO)
Emva kokuba ukuhlukaniswa kwamandla kugqityiwe, i-Lockout tagout yindlela yesibini yokuzikhusela. Uluhlu lokujonga kufuneka lubandakanye ezi zinto zokuqinisekisa:
Ngaba zonke iindawo zokuzihlukanisa zitshixiwe? Ngaba inani lezitshixo liyahambelana nenani labathathi-nxaxheba?
Ngaba isitshixo somntu ngamnye sifikeleleka kuphela ngesitshixo sakhe? (Umgaqo obalulekileyo wokhuseleko: isitshixo esinye kwisitshixo esinye)
Ngaba ulwazi lwethegi yokutshixa lugqityiwe? Iileyibhile mazibandakanye: igama lomntu oyitshixileyo, umhla, ulwazi loqhagamshelwano, kunye nomxholo womsebenzi.
Ukuba ngumsebenzi weqela, ngaba kukho ibhokisi yokutshixa yeqela edibeneyo esetyenzisiweyo? Inzuzo yebhokisi yokutshixa yeqela kukuba izixhobo zinokuqalwa kuphela xa umntu wokugqibela ezivula - akukho mntu unokuzibuyisela kwangaphambili.
IV. Ukuqinisekiswa kwamandla angenamandla – elona nyathelo libalulekileyo
Emva kokuba ukuvalelwa kunye nokutshixwa kugqityiwe, kufuneka kuqinisekiswe. Eli nyathelo alinakuyekwa kwaye alinakunikwa abanye.
Indlela yokuqinisekisa yile ilandelayo: Zama ukuqalisa isixhobo. Cinezela iqhosha lokuqalisa uze ujonge ukuba isixhobo siyaphendula na. Ukuba isixhobo siyashukuma, oko kubonisa ukuba ukusohlukanisa akuphelelanga kwaye kufuneka siphinde sihlolwe. Ukuba isixhobo asiphenduli, oko kuthetha ukuba ukusohlukanisa kuyasebenza.
Olu nyathelo lokuqinisekisa kufuneka lwenziwe ngumntu owenze itshixo, kungekhona ngumphathi weshifti okanye igosa lokhuseleko. Kuba ngumntu owenze itshixo kuphela owaziyo ngcono ukuba uzivalele zonke na zonke izixhobo zamandla ezifunekayo.
Emva kokuba ukuqinisekiswa kugqityiwe, phawula ixesha lokuqinisekiswa kunye negama lomqinisekisi kuluhlu lokuhlola. Olu tyikityo lunentsingiselo esemthethweni.
V. Ukuhlolwa ngexesha lokugcinwa
Emva kokuba ulondolozo luqalile, umsebenzi woluhlu lokuhlola wawungekagqitywa.
Yonke imihla ngaphambi kokuba uqale umsebenzi, ngaba kukho umntu ojonga ukuba iilokhi kunye neethegi zikwimeko entle na? Ngaba zikhutshiwe okanye zisusiwe ngumntu ngaphandle kwemvume?
Ukuba kukho utshintsho kwishifti, ngaba umntu onikezelayo kunye nomntu othatha izintambo bayaqinisekisa ukuba imeko yokutshixa ivaliwe ngexesha lokunikezelwa? Omabini amaqela asayina uluhlu lokuhlola kunye, oluthembeke ngakumbi kunokunika nje ingcaciso ngomlomo.
Ukuba ububanzi bokugcinwa buyanda (umzekelo, ekuqaleni bekucetywe ukulungisa inkqubo yombane, kodwa kamva kwafunyaniswa ukuba nenxalenye yoomatshini nayo kufuneka isebenze), ngaba kufuneka kwenziwe uvavanyo olutsha loluhlu lokwahlulwa kwamandla? Amanyathelo okuqala okwahlulwa asenokunganeli.
VI. Ukuhlolwa ngaphambi kokuba kuqaliswe kwakhona umsebenzi
Emva kokuba ulondolozo lugqityiwe kwaye kwenziwe amalungiselelo okuqalisa ukusebenza, inxalenye yokugqibela yoluhlu lokukhangela iyanceda:
Ngaba zonke izixhobo, iindawo kunye nenkunkuma zisusiwe ngokupheleleyo ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwezixhobo? Kwakha kwenzeka ingozi apho isikrufu sawela kwindlela yokudlulisa, kwaye izixhobo zabhajwa kwangoko emva kokuba ziqalisiwe, nto leyo eyabangela umonakalo omkhulu.
Ngaba zonke izigqubuthelo zokukhusela kunye neengcango zokhuseleko zibuyiselwe kwiindawo zazo zokuqala?
Ngaba bonke abasebenzi baphumile baya kwindawo ekhuselekileyo? Kubalulekile ukubala inani labantu, kwaye oku akunakukwenziwa ngokukhwaza nje uthi “Umatshini uza kuqala” uze uhambe.
Ingaba isitshixo sisusiwe ngumntu ositshixileyo? Asinakususwa ngomnye umntu okanye "ngoncedo" sisuswe isitshixo somnye umntu.
Emva kokususa isitshixo, ngaba imeko yesixhobo yaqinisekiswa ukuba iqhelekile, waza wazisa isebe lombane ukuba libuyisele umbane?